中文译名：药用植物 国际刊号：ISSN 2152-3924 出版语言：英文 出版周期：双月 电话：0551-65148112 联系QQ：52313191 434421224 E-mail：yyzw_e@163.com medplant@vip.163.com
[Objective]To establish a simple and easy identification method for six kinds of Callicarpa medicinal herbs,to ensure the clinical medication safety,and to provide references for the quality control of Callicarpa medicinal herbs. [Methods] Character identification,semimicroscopic identification and microscopic identification were used to identify the six kinds of Callicarpa medicinal herbs. [Results]In external characters,they were identified mainly through color,hair and morphological characteristics. In microscopical characters,they were identified though the form,distribution and quantity of glandular hairs and nonglandular hair; crystal types in leaves were used for supplementary identification of Callicarpa medicinal herbs. [Conclusions] Characters identification method could identify several Callicarpa medicinal herbs,while some varieties were difficult to distinguish. Different kinds of Callicarpa could be identified by using semi-microscopic identification and microscopic identification methods to observe the morphological features and distribution characteristics of glandular hairs,non-glandular hairs and crystals. An accurate,rapid and economical microscopic identification method was important to identify leaves of different varieties of Callicarpa.
[Objective]To provide references for the establishment of quality standard of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI. [Methods]Pharmacognosy,characters and microscopic identification methods were adopted. With reference substances of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI as the control,TLC identification was carried out. According to the methods in Chinese Pharmacopoeia( edition 2010),the moisture content,total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content were detected in ten batches of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI. [Results]Characters of pharmacognostic identification of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI were descibed. RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI and its reference substances had the same color of fluorescent spots. The moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash contents should be less than 12. 0%,8. 0% and 2. 0%,respectively; while the extracts content should be more than 23. 0%. [Conclusions]TLC identification had strong specificity; the research results provided references for the identification,development and utilization of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI,as well as the quality standard establishment of RADIX ET RHIZOMA HERACLEI.
[Objective]To analyze the volatile components of turkey figs grown in different production areas. [Methods]The volatile components were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS,and their relative percentage contents were calculated by peak area normalization method. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis( PCA) and cluster analysis( HCA). [Results] A total of 61 volatile components were identified from the 12 batches of turkey figs. Among them,anethol,linalool oxide and benzoic aldehyde had relatively high contents. And their contents were the maximum in figs grown in Artux City in Xinjiang. [Conclusions]The volatile components in turkey figs of different production areas were detected rapidly by HS-SPME-GC-MS; and turkey figs grown in different production areas could be distinguished effectively by PCA and HCA.
[Objective]To research the chemical components in FRUCTUS GARDENIAE. [Methods]Silica column chromatography over silica gel,RP-18 reverse phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20,as well as recrystallization were adopted. Structures of compounds were identified by1H-NMR,13C-NMR,ESI-MS,EI-MS and comparison with the data of literatures. [Results]A total of seven chemical compounds were isolated and purified from the ethanol extracts of FRUCTUS GARDENIAE,which were geniposide( 1),6α-hydroxygeniposide( 2),genipingentiobioside( 3),adian-5-en-3α-ol( 4),( 23Ζ)-cycloart-23-en-3β,25-diol( 5),7α-hydroxy sitosterol( 6) and 5,8-epidioxystigmasta-6,22-dien-3-ol( 7). [Conclusions] Compounds 4,5,6 and 7 were isolated from FRUCTUS GARDENIAE for the first time.
[Objective] To detect chlorogenic acid,macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B in FLOS LONICERAE grown in Guizhou Province by UPLC-PDA-ELSD,and to investigate the quality of FLOS LONICERAE grown in Guizhou Province. [Methods] ACQUITYUPLC BEH C18 chromatographic column( 2. 1 mm × 100 mm,1. 7 μm) was adopted; mobile phase was acetonitrile( A)- 0. 4% acetic acid water( B); gradient elution was as follows: 0- 2 min,7% A; 2- 2. 3 min,7%- 28% A; 2. 3- 10 min,28% A; 10- 10. 5 min,28%- 7% A; gradient flow rate was as follows: 0- 2 min,0. 35 m L / min; 2- 2. 3 min,0. 35- 0. 25 m L / min; 2. 3- 2. 6 min,0. 25- 0. 15 m L / min; 2. 6- 2. 8min,0. 15- 0. 1 m L / min; 2. 8- 4 min,0. 1- 0. 2 m L / min; 4- 4. 3 min,0. 2- 0. 3 m L / min; 4. 3- 4. 5 min,0. 3- 0. 35 m L / min; 4. 5-10. 5 min,0. 35 m L / min; PDA( ultraviolet detector) was used to detect the chlorogenic acid( 330 nm wavelength); ELSD( evaporative light- scattering detector) was used to detected the macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B; temperature of the drift tube was 60 ℃; sprayer was48 ℃; gas pressure was 137. 9 k Pa; and column temperature was 50 ℃. [Results] Chlorogenic acid,macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B showed good linear relationship within the ranges of 0. 304 5- 1. 522 5 μg / m L( R2= 0. 999 4),0. 449- 1. 436 8 μg / m L( R2= 0. 999 3)and 0. 044 6- 0. 223 μg / m L( R2= 0. 999 4),respectively. [Conclusions] This method could accurately detect the contents of chlorogenic acid,macranthoidin B and dipsacoside B in FLOS LONICERAE grown in Guizhou Province,effectively shorten the measurement time and save reagents,so that it was suitable to detect the quality of FLOS LONICERAE grown in Guizhou Province.
[Objective] To establish a rapid analysis method for volatile components in RADIX ADENOPHORAE,to analyze and compare the differences of RADIX ADENOPHORAE in different production areas,and to obtain the characteristic distribution of volatile components and the rapid information identification mode of production areas. [Methods] Volatile components were extracted from RADIX ADENOPHORAE by solid phase microextraction( SPME),and were analyzed by GC-MS. The relative content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method; and statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 18. 0 software based on principal component analysis( PCA) and cluster analysis( CA). [Results] A total of 41 chemical components of RADIX ADENOPHORAE were identified from RADIX ADENOPHORAE grown in different areas,mainly including aldehydes,terpenes,organic acids and alcohols. Among them,isovaleraldehyde,hexanal,α-pinene and caprylic aldehyde were common volatile components in RADIX ADENOPHORAE. Besides,RADIX ADENOPHORAE grown in Shennongjia and Jiangsu had abundant terpenoids. [Conclusions]The established method was simple and was suitable for the rapid identification and analysis of RADIX ADENOPHORAE. PCA and CA could effectively distinguish RADIX ADENOPHORAE grown in different areas. The production areas were divided into five categories by cluster analysis. Research results provided references for the variety comparison and quality control of RADIX ADENOPHORAE.
[Objective] To screen the optimal technology of ultrasonic extraction of flavonoids from HERBA HOUTTUYNIAE by response surface methodology. [Methods]With flavonoids content as the reference index,effects of ethanol concentration,solid-liquid ratio and extraction time on the extraction rate of total flavonoids were investigated. The extraction technology was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface methodology based on three factors and three levels. [Results] The optimal extraction technology was as follows: 74. 67% ethnoal concentration,69. 88 min ultrasound time,and 1 ∶ 20. 20 solid-liquid ratio( g: m L). Under this condition,the predicted value of flavonoids was2. 654%. And the actual value was 2. 663%. [Conclusions]The actual value was close to the predicted value,indicating that this model was reasonable and effective.
[Objective] To preliminarily investigate the effects of boiling temperature and time on paeoniflorin content in RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA. [Methods] With paeoniflorin content in RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA as the evaluation index,high-performance liquid chromatography was adopted. Paeoniflorin contents in different underground parts by different processing methods were detected. Lichro CARTRP-C18( 4 mm ×250 mm,5 μm) was adopted; mobile phase was acetonitrile- 0. 1% phosphoric acid solution( 14∶ 86); flow rate was 1 m L / min; detection wavelength was 230 nm; column temperature was 30 ℃; and injection volume was 10 μL. [Results] Boiling temperature and time had relatively great impacts on paeoniflorin content. After RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA was boiled at 85 ℃ for 15 min,paeoniflorin contents all enhanced. Paeoniflorin contents of underground parts were in the order of rhizomes > fibrous roots > principal roots. [Conclusions]Complete and systematic research was needed on the chemical components and pharmacodynamics of both RADIX PAEONIAE ALBA and RADIX PAEONIAE RUBRA; only one index of paeoniflorin content was not enough. Fingerprint should be introduced into research; whether peeling was needed should be explicited.
[Objective] To optimize the extraction technology of total phenols from Rumex acetosa L. and to evaluate the scavenging activities of different parts of R. acetosa to DPPH free radicals.[Methods]Orthogonal test was adopted. With gallic acid as the reference substance and total phenols content from R. acetosa as the index,extraction factors were investigated,such as extraction solvent,extraction time and solidliquid ratio. The extraction technology of total phenols from R. acetosa was optimized. Antioxidant activities of different parts of R. acetosa were evaluated by DPPH scavenging method.[Results]The optimal extraction condition of total phenols from R. acetosa was as follows: 80%methanol volume fraction,20 min extraction time and 1∶ 40( g / m L) solid-liquid ratio. Total phenols contents in different plant parts were in the order of flowers and fruits > roots > leaves > stems; and the scavenging activities to DPPH free radicals were in the order of roots >leaves > flowers and fruits > stems.[Conclusions]This research provided technological parameters for the extraction of total phenols from R.acetosa. Content of total phenols in R. acetosa had certain correlation with the scavenging activity to DPPH free radicals,and was also affected by other chemical components.
[Objective] To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids from Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. [Methods] With the extraction rate of total flavonoids from Z. clinopodioides as the research index,effects of different factors on the extraction rate of total flavonoids were researched,such as extraction method,ethanol volume fraction,extraction temperature,extraction time,extraction times and solid-liquid ratio. Based on single factor test,research results were analyzed by Response Surface Method based on the principle of central composite design. And the optimal extraction technology was obtained. [Results] The optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from Z. clinopodioides was as follows: reflux extraction,79 ℃ extraction temperature,76% ethanol volume fraction,63 min extraction time,two extraction times and 1∶ 20 solid-liquid ratio. The theoretical extraction rate was 3. 43% and the actual extraction rate was 2. 99%,which were quite close. [Conclusions] Extracting total flavonoids from Z. clinopodioides by response surface method was stable and feasible.
[Objective] To discuss the effects of mango seed kernels on mice with kidney-Yang deficiency and oligoasthenospermia.[Methods]Mice model with kindey-Yang deficiency was established by intramuscular hydrocortisone,so as to observe the effects of mango seed kernels on swimming time,viscera index and freeze resistance capability of mice with kindey-Yang deficiency. The mice model with oligoasthenospermia was established by administration of tripterygium glycosides,so as to observe the effects of mango seed kernels on sperm quality of mice with oligoasthenospermia. [Results]Mango seed kernels could improve the swimming time,viscera index and freeze resistance capability of mice with kindey-Yang deficiency. Besides,mango seed kernels could enhance the sperm density,sperm survival rate,sperm motility,and reduce the malformation rate of mice with oligoasthenospermia. [Conclusions] Mango seed kernels had the function of tonifying kidney-Yang and showed certain therapeutical effects on oligoasthenotspermia.
[Objective]To research the pharmacodynamic effects of Aquilaria sinensis leaves,and to compare pharmacological actions between A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM. [Methods]Pharmacological experiments of analgesia,anti-inflammation,hypoglycemic action,relieving asthma and promoting intestine moving activity were carried out by whole animal tests. [Results] glucose values of diabetic mice induced by alloxan reduced significantly in LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group and high-dosage group of A. sinensis leaves( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). Different dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves had extremely significant inhibitory effects on the auricle swelling of mice induced by xylene and the abdominal capillary permeability of mice induced by acetic acid( P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05). Low- and middle-dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group had significant inhibitory effects on pains induced by thermal stimulus and acetic acid( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01),and obviously prolonged the asthma latency time of guinea pigs( P < 0. 05);and high-dosage group of A. sinensis leaves also obviously prolonged the asthma latency time of guinea pigs( P < 0. 05). Water extracts of A. sinensis leaves showed significant differences in time to falling asleep and sleeping time of mice( P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 05). Different dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group significantly enhanced the intestine moving distance and rate( P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01 or 0. 001). [Conclusions]Ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM had certain functions ofanalgesia,anti-inflammation,hypoglycemic action,relieving asthma and promoting intestine moving activity. Effects of ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves were equal to the effects of LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM; and the ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves was superior to LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM in anti-asthma and promoting intestine moving activity.
With Dioscorea opposita‘Tiegun'as the research materials,phenylalnine ammonialyase( PAL) characteristics related to browning and the effects of different inhibitors on PAL activity were studied by spectrophotometry. Research results showed that within the test range,the optimal p H was 8. 6 for PAL of D. opposita‘Tiegun'. PAL had poor tolerance to acid and alkali. The optimal temperature was 50 ℃,showing certain tolerance to high temperature. Even under incubation for 30 min at 80 ℃,there were still about 12% PAL activity. L-cysteine hydrochloride and citric acid had significant inhibitory effects on PAL; while phytic acid had no significant inhibitory effects on PAL activity; but phytic acid showed no significant inhibitory effects. Sodium chloride promoted the PAL activity. In order to effectively restrict the browning of fresh slices of D. opposita‘Tiegun'caused by PAL,processing and storage of D. opposita‘Tiegun'slices should be carried out under acidic condition( p H < 2. 0),low temperature( < 20 ℃) or high temperature( > 80 ℃). L-cysteine hydrochloride should be the first choice of antibrowning reagent without sulfite for fresh slices,followed with citric acid.
[Objective] To discuss the diagnostic value of joint detection of myoglobin( MYO),cardiac troponin I( c Tn I),creatine kinase isoenzyme MB type( CK-MB),d-dimer( D-D),hypersensitive c-reactive protein( hs-CRP) to acute myocardial infarction( AMI).[Methods]A total of 293 cases of AMI patients were selected in the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from June 2010 to December 2014,which were classified into AMI group. At the same time,136 suspected AMI patients were taken as the control group,who were finally excluded cases. MYO,CTn I,CK-MB,D-D and hs-CRP levels were detected in two groups. The detection results and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were statistically analyzed. [Results]( 1) The five indices in AMI group enhanced significantly compared with those in control group( P < 0. 01); MYO increased obviously after 2- 6; the five indices all enhanced; MYO reduced significantly after 12- 24 h;c Tn I,D-D and hs-CRP were still at relatively high levels after 24- 48 h.( 2) MYO,CK-MB,D-D and hs-CRP levels in left main coronary artery lesion group were significantly higher than three-vessel lesion group,double-vessel lesion group,and single-vessel lesion group( P <0. 05). Among them,three-vessel lesion group and double-vessel lesion group were significantly higher than single-vessel lesion group( P <0. 05). CK-MB levels in three-vessel lesion group and two-vessel lesion group showed no statistical significance( P > 0. 05). c Tn I levels in different groups also had no statistical significance( P > 0. 05).( 3) The sensitivity and specificity of joint detection were as high as 99. 4%and 98. 3%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of single test. [Conclusions] Joint detection of MYO,c Tn I,CK-MB,D-D and hs-CRP was helpful to enhance the diagnostic rate of AMI,and could make up for the shortage of the single test,which was a practical test method worthy of clinical application.
<正>Once a manuscript has been accepted for publication,the author will grant to the editorial department of the journal Medicinal Plant the rights of reproduction,distribution,compilation and information network dissemination,and permit the manuscript to be delegated to the China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House(CAJEPH).
